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ASTM E1180-2008 宏观结构检验用硫印准备的标准实施规范

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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforPreparingSulfurPrintsforMacrostructuralEvaluation
【原文标准名称】:宏观结构检验用硫印准备的标准实施规范
【标准号】:ASTME1180-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E04.01
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Baumannprint;ferrousalloys;macrostructuralevaluation;photographicpaper;specimenpreparation;sulfurprint;Baumannprints;Castiron(testing);Deoxidation;Failureendpoint--metals/alloys;Ferrousmetals/alloys;Killedsteelsulfurdistribution;
【摘要】:Thesulfurprintrevealsthedistributionofsulfurassulfideinclusionsinthespecimen.Thesulfurprintcomplementsmacroetchmethodsbyprovidinganadditionalprocedureforevaluatingthehomogeneityofasteelproduct.Sulfurprintsofas-castspecimensgenerallyrevealthesolidificationpatternandmaybeusedtoassessthenatureofdeoxidation,thatis,rimmingactionversuskilledsteelsulfurdistributions.Sulfurprintswillrevealsegregationpatterns,includingrefilledcracks,andmayrevealcertainphysicalirregularities,forexample,porosityorcracking.Thenatureofmetalflow,suchasinvariousforgingoperations,canberevealedusingsulfurprintsofspecimenscutparalleltothemetalflowdirection.Thesulfurprintmethodissuitableforprocesscontrol,researchanddevelopmentstudies,failureanalysis,andformaterialacceptancepurposes.Theintensityofthesulfurprintisinfluencedbytheconcentrationofsulfurinthesteel,thechemicalcompositionofthesulfideinclusions,theaggressivenessoftheaqueousacidsolution,andthedurationofthecontactprintingbetweentheacidsoakedemulsioncoatedpaperandthegroundsurfaceofthespecimen(thistimeistheorderofsecondsratherthanminutes).Verylowsulfurcontentsteelswillproducetoofaintanimagetobeusefulformacrostructuralevaluations.Selectionofappropriateprintingpracticesincludingselectionoftypeofemulsioncoatedmedia,acidtypeandstrength,willyieldsatisfactoryprints.VeryfaintimagesinthesulfurprintcanbemademorevisiblebyscanningthesulfurprintintoaPC,andusingaphotoeditortoincreasethecolorsaturation.Steelswithcompositionsthatproducepredominantlytitaniumorchromiumsulfideswillnotproduceusefulimages.1.1Thispracticeprovidesinformationrequiredtopreparesulfurprints(alsoreferredtoasBaumannPrints)ofmostferrousalloystorevealthedistributionofsulfideinclusions.1.2Thesulfurprintrevealsthedistributionofsulfidesinsteelswithbulksulfurcontentsbetweenabout0.010and0.40weightpercent.1.3Certainsteelscontaincomplexsulfidesthatdonotrespondtothetestsolutions,forexample,steelscontainingtitaniumsulfidesorchromiumsulfides.1.4Thesulfurprinttestisaqualitativetest.Thedensityoftheprintimageshouldnotbeusedtoassessthesulfurcontentofasteel.Undercarefullycontrolledconditions,itispossibletocompareprintimageintensitiesiftheimagesareformedonlybymanganesesulfides.1.5Thesulfurprintimagewillrevealdetailsofthesolidificationpatternormetalflowfromhotorcoldworkingonappropriatelychosenandpreparedtestspecimens.1.6Thispracticedoesnotaddressacceptancecriteriabasedontheuseofthemethod.1.7ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.8Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Forspecificprecautionarystatements,seeSection9.
【中国标准分类号】:G04
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:4P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasuringAbrasionUsingtheDrySand/RubberWheelApparatus
【原文标准名称】:用干砂/橡胶轮装置测定磨蚀的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMG65-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:G02.30
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:试验;工艺;磨损;磨蚀;金属;磨蚀试验
【英文主题词】:abrasionresistance-metals/metallicmaterials;drysand/rubberwheeltest;metalsandmetallicmaterials;rubberwheeltest;resistanceofmetallicmaterialstoscratchingabrasion,bydry;Sand/RubberWheeltest
【摘要】:Theseverityofabrasivewearinanysystemwilldependupontheabrasiveparticlesize,shape,andhardness,themagnitudeofthestressimposedbytheparticle,andthefrequencyofcontactoftheabrasiveparticle.Inthispracticetheseconditionsarestandardizedtodevelopauniformconditionofwearwhichhasbeenreferredtoasscratchingabrasion(1and2).Thevalueofthepracticeliesinpredictingtherelativerankingofvariousmaterialsofconstructioninanabrasiveenvironment.Sincethepracticedoesnotattempttoduplicatealloftheprocessconditions(abrasivesize,shape,pressure,impact,orcorrosiveelements),itshouldnotbeusedtopredicttheexactresistanceofagivenmaterialinaspecificenvironment.Itsvalueliesinpredictingtherankingofmaterialsinasimilarrelativeorderofmeritaswouldoccurinanabrasiveenvironment.Volumelossdataobtainedfromtestmaterialswhoselivesareunknowninaspecificabrasiveenvironmentmay,however,becomparedwithtestdataobtainedfromamaterialwhoselifeisknowninthesameenvironment.Thecomparisonwillprovideageneralindicationoftheworthoftheunknownmaterialsifabrasionisthepredominantfactorcausingdeteriorationofthematerials.1.1Thistestmethodcoverslaboratoryproceduresfordeterminingtheresistanceofmetallicmaterialstoscratchingabrasionbymeansofthedrysand/rubberwheeltest.Itistheintentofthistestmethodtoproducedatathatwillreproduciblyrankmaterialsintheirresistancetoscratchingabrasionunderaspecifiedsetofconditions.1.2Abrasiontestresultsarereportedasvolumelossincubicmillimetresfortheparticulartestprocedurespecified.Materialsofhigherabrasionresistancewillhavealowervolumeloss.Note1Inordertoattainuniformityamonglaboratories,itistheintentofthistestmethodtorequirethatvolumelossduetoabrasionbereportedonlyinthemetricsystemascubicmillimetres.1mm3=6.102105in3.1.3Thistestmethodcoversfiverecommendedprocedureswhichareappropriateforspecificdegreesofwearresistanceorthicknessesofthetestmaterial.1.3.1ProcedureAThisisarelativelyseveretestwhichwillrankmetallicmaterialsonawidevolumelossscalefromlowtoextremeabrasionresistance.Itisparticularlyusefulinrankingmaterialsofmediumtoextremeabrasionresistance.1.3.2ProcedureBAshort-termvariationofProcedureA.Itmaybeusedforhighlyabrasiveresistantmaterialsbutisparticularlyusefulintherankingofmedium-andlow-abrasive-resistantmaterials.ProcedureBshouldbeusedwhenthevolume-lossvaluesdevelopedbyProcedureAexceeds100mm3.1.3.3ProcedureCAshort-termvariationofProcedureAforuseonthincoatings.1.3.4ProcedureDThisisalighterloadvariationofProcedureAwhichisparticularlyusefulinrankingmaterialsoflow-abrasionresistance.ItisalsousedinrankingmaterialsofaspecificgenerictypeormaterialswhichwouldbeverycloseinthevolumelossratesasdevelopedbyProcedureA.1.3.5ProcedureEAshort-termvariationofProcedureBthatisusefulintherankingofmaterialswithmedium-orlow-abrasionresistance.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:J04
【国际标准分类号】:17_040_20
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:


【英文标准名称】:SpecificationforGeneralPurpose,Heavy-Duty,andExtra-Heavy-DutyCrosslinkedChlorinatedPolyethyleneJacketsforWireandCable
【原文标准名称】:电线及电缆用普通,重型及超重型交联氯化聚乙烯套管规范
【标准号】:ANSI/ASTMD4313-2003
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:
【实施或试行日期】:2003-10-01
【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(US-ANSI)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:电缆;电气工程;电绝缘;加热;绝缘件;聚乙烯;壳;应力;金属线
【英文主题词】:Cables;Electricalengineering;Electricalinsulation;Heating;Insulations;Polyethylene;Shell;Stress;Wires
【摘要】:Thisspecificationcoverscrosslinkedchlorinatedpolyethylene(CM)compoundssuitableforuseasoutercoveringsorjacketsonelectricalcablesforgeneral-purpose,heavy-duty,andextra-heavy-dutyservice.Thesejacketmaterialsarenotrecommendedforuseoncableswhicharetobeinstalledatatemperaturelessthan25?C.Whenevertwosetsofvaluesarepresented,indifferentunits,thevaluesinthefirstsetarethestandard,whilethoseinparenthesesareforinformationonly.
【中国标准分类号】:K15
【国际标准分类号】:29_035_20
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语